INTRODUCTION
Announcing t the outset what he/she will do on the pages that follow.
Enables reader to skip to sections of interest.
An expected structure.
Getting your own personal voice across. You authorial personality - your personal idom / style.
Derrida, J 1987 Glas. Nebraska. Univeristy of Nebraska Press.
Typset by Richard Eckersley
3 books in one, all operating on the same page. This would be cool for physical page! Visual dialogue, literally on the page of different design scenes and sensibilities, transparent layers, so by the end of the book, all styles physically and literally merge to create an international style.
Academic Conventions are like an institutional framework for your work. They structure and standardise. They aspire to academic honesty.
Series of rules, standardisation. Play by, or methodological reason for rejecting it.
Quoting and referencing is about showing where your argument is coming from, from where it's based. And a keen reader will be able to trace the quote back to it's original source and look deeper into the same clarified argument.
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AN ANALYTIC AND CRITICAL KNOWLEDGE, NOT JUST A HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE.
Apply theory to practie.
Analyse relevant material.
Deep learning - evidenced through your use of academic conventions.
Original blooms, new blooms
Top level. sCreating. Evaluating. Analysing.
(Possibly produce primary research through the form of quick design projects?)
Surface Approach - Superficial learner. Marks whore. No critique, no judgement, very routine and by the numbers approach. Minimal research, ignoring guiding patterns and overarching principles from different writers works.
Deep approach
Independent engagement.
Broad range of reading
Broad range of thinking
Show constant reflection and ongoing investigation. These things will take place with strong engagement and focus in the project to independently be engaged with it.
How do I evidence deep learning?
Way in which you write. Lay out arguments. Structure. Gives clues that you have done deep, methodical and logical learning. Top end of pyramids, not near the bottom.
Academic writing is formal and following structure shows structure.
Each academic discipline has its own specialist vocabulary which you will be expected to learn and use in your own writing. Must be based on solid evidence, and logical analysis, and presented as a concise accurate argument.
Academic writing allows you to present your argument and analysis accurately and concisely!
Learning the jargon - and being able to use it confidently, and not awkwardly. When in context use them, don't just throw them in. Expected to use specialist and informed vocabulary.
DO come up with your own opinions. That's what it's all about. Those opinions have to be based on solid opinions and logical analysis.
Logical argument. Have your question, your focus and your argument. Every point your make is backed up by evidence. Every point you make is analysed, and critiqued.
When you get comfortable with it. What you quickly realise is the structures and conventions can be used to quickly show reader breadth and knowledge of your critical points.
**Look into structure of strong pieces of academic writing, to get the overall skeleton and general conventions.
TIPS
Be precise. Don't waffle. Make a point, back it up with evidence, critique that evidence, relate to whatever discussion, move on.
Don't use cautious language. Not "I think it's crap" just say "it's crap." It's your opinion. Don't say some people, could be, arguably, just say IT IS. and this is why. It's your opinion that's why they're reading it.
No unnecessary words.
You're expected to know what you're on about, no one's expecting poems from you.
P R E C I S I O N .
Short and snappy sentences are better than big ones full of commas.
Try not repeating words, they become immediately obvious. Shows a lack of vocabulary.
Really look into introductions, and general tone of voice and introduction of discussions to come. Don't use conversational, you're not reading a kid a bedtime story.
Don't write how you speak. Formal. Big statements, need support and evidence.
No slang. No abbreviations. No contractions e.g. "Dept." Instead of department. No abbreviations. No vague terms.
DO NOT write in first person, it's supposed to be subjective, you should write in an objective style. Most tutors prefer impersonal language to be used in assignments.
We have considered = Consideration has been given to
I have observed it = It has been observed
The danger if you follow these conventions, it sounds very formulaic, robotic and not humanistic. FIND A BALANCE and voice. Keep your voice there, but follow expected conventions of academic writing and critical analysis.
Map out a logically developed argument. Explain some results. When gone through the main body, concluding section. Which importantly, includes a summary of conclusions from the preceding chapters. Finish with a point. A strong purpose and contemporary relevance for your essay.
Preliminaries - title, acknowledgements, contents, list of illustrations
Introduction - the abstract, statement of the problem, methodolocial approach
Main body - review of literature, logically developed arguments, chapters, results of investigations
Conclusion - discussion and conclusion, summary of conclusions
Extras - bibliography, appendices.
Intro - outline argument, how it will develop. Link to theories and pieces of writing which will be discussed.
Problems, how it will be investigated. Split into chapters. Chapter one will look into ...
Figure out your chapters.
A mixture of paraphrased sections, small quotes can be woven within the text. Big ones, indent and drop out with analysis.
For a first class piece of writing, three or four citations from different writers on each page.
Harvard Referencing
Books
Author, (date) title, place, published
MILES, R (2013) Why Referencing, Leeds: LCA Publishing
'quote quote' (surname, year, page)
Use " when you're referring to what someone said to you, direct speech - direction speech, ' ' is for citations.
Always lower-case not capitalised.
REFERENCE AS YOU GO.
BIBLIOGRAPHY SHOULD BE ALPHABETICISED BY SURNAME.
Different sections for books. Journals. Visits. Websites. Etc.
Need a list of illustrations for every image you've used. Pictures should be included with reference, just how you'd reference any book.
CONCLUSION
Broadly outline method for academic writing.
Framework for writing at undergraduate level.
'Default format' for writing, learn the rules, abide by them while having your own style and voice intact.
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